A Research on Energy-Efficient cluster-based Routing Algorithm for WSN#
 

Abstract: Through the analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of traditional clustering algorithm LEACH, this paper proposes an Weight and Fitness-based Energy-Efficient Clustering routing Algorithm for WSN(WF-EECA). In the cluster-heads selection mechanism , weight factor W is introduced as adjusting parameter to choose cluster-heads,and AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process, the AHP) is also citied to work out weight coefficients; In the attribution mechanism of non cluster-head node ,the clustering clustering factor F is introduced, considering cluster-head's factors of remaining energy, distance between cluster-head and base station and nodes; Meanwhile，weight is also used in the data transmission between cluster-head and base station, by the way of multi-hop and single-hop instead of single-hop.The simulation result shows that this algorithm effectively reduces the communication energy consumption and achives an obvious improvement on the network lifetime.
 

Key words: WSN; clustering algorithm; LEACH; weight; fitness factor; multi-hop

0 Introduction
As a kind of brand-new platform for acquiring and processing information , wireless sensor
networks(WSN), a self-organizing network composed of large number of tiny sensor nodes which
are deployed in the monitoring area through wireless communication technology ,has become a
worldwide hotspot at present. Because node’s energy, computing power and storage capacity for
WSN are very limited, a good routing protocol should be needed to try to prolong lifetime.
Routing protocol for WSN can be divided into planar and clustering routing protocol[1] .
Clustering routing has advantage of convenient topology management, highly-efficient energy
 utilization and simple data fusion, and has become a key research routing technology. In the
clustering routing protocol, network is usually divided into clusters; each cluster consists of a
cluster-head and some cluster members. LEACH is a classic clustering routing protocol. Later,
most of the WSN clustering algorithms : LEACH-C[2]、DCHS[3]、ECMR[4]、HEED[5] and so on, are
concerns of the design based on how to choose cluster-head, how to form the cluster, how to
transmit data in LEACH. Although these agreements have achieved better results, they can only
achieve partial balance, are not easy to expand the networks, with larger energy consumption. So
in the practical application, the effect may not be ideal. Therefore, an algorithm that
Energy-Efficient Clustering routing Algorithm based Weight and Fitness for WSN(WF-EECA) is
proposed in this paper.

References
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节能的无线传感器网络分簇路由算法的研究
 

摘要：通过分析传统的分簇式路由算法LEACH 的优缺点，提出了一种基于权重和适合因子的WSN 节能分簇路由算法(WF-EECA)。在簇首的选择机制中引入了权重因子W 作为调节参数进行簇首选举，并引用层次分析法 (Analytic Hierarchy Process,AHP) 确定出了权值系数；在非簇头节点的归属机制中引入了成簇适合因子F，考虑了簇头的剩余能量，与基站的距离以及节点与簇头间的距离等因素，同时簇头与基站之间的数据传输也利用权重的思想由传统的单跳改为单跳与多跳结合的方式，仿真结果表明，该算法能有效平衡节点的通信能耗，显著延长了整个网络的寿命。
 

关键词：无线传感器网络；分簇算法；LEACH；权重；适合因子；多跳