维生素E 和C 在水产动物的协同抗氧化作用及其机理#
 

摘要：蛋白质氧化、脂质过氧化以及各种应激反应会损害水产动物的健康，影响水产养殖业的发展。维生素C（vitamin C, VC）和维生素E（vitamin E, VE）不仅是人和动物包括水产动物的必需微量营养素，而且能协同抗氧化作用，防止或减少蛋白质氧化、脂质过氧化及各种应激反应，发挥保护作用。本文重点综述VE 和VC 协同抗氧化作用、机理、对水产动物生长、繁殖、免疫、酶活性等方面的影响，旨在更好地了解、研究、有效利用和调控VE 和VC 在水产动物的协同抗氧化作用，提高健康水平，促进生长发育，发展水产养殖业。
 

关键词：维生素E；维生素C；协同抗氧化作用；水产动物

0 引言
生物体的抗氧化防御系统对机体的正常生理功能至关重要[1]。鱼类的主要抗氧化防御系统包括酶和非酶系统，两个系统协作能有效清除机体内的活性氧（Reactive oxygen species,ROS）和活性氮（Reactive nitrogen species, RNS)等自由基。其中抗氧化酶系统主要包括：过氧化氢酶（Catalase，CAT）、超氧化物歧化酶(Superoxide dismutase, SOD）、谷胱甘肽还原酶 （Glutathione reductase, GR)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（Glutathione peroxidase, GPX)、谷胱甘肽巯基转移酶（Glutathione S-transferase，GST）等。非酶抗氧化剂主要包括谷胱甘肽（Glutathaione，GSH）、VE、VC 和一些胡萝卜素等[2]。
 

VC 和VE 一方面是机体必需的微量营养素，能促进鱼类生长、增强免疫、修复损伤，影响神经内分泌和繁殖功能等[3]；另一方面是机体重要的抗氧化剂，能够抑制过量自由基的形成以及自由基和生物位点之间的反应，从而减少氧化损伤。由于VC 和VE 能协同作用，因此同时使用可以增效，显著提高鱼类的免疫力和抗病力等[4-5]。
 

本文主要综述VE 和VC 的协同抗氧化作用及其对水产动物的生长、发育、繁殖、免疫、抗氧化酶等的影响及机理，以便更好地理解、有效利用和调控VE 及VC，促进水产养殖业的发展。

4 结语与展望
综上所述，VC 和VE 不仅是水产动物的必需微量营养素，而且是其体内的重要抗氧化剂，能够协同抗氧化作用，调节多种生理功能，还能解除有毒物质及各种应激反应的侵害。为了建立日粮中VE 和VC 对水产动物影响的更加完善的体系，应该深入研究水产动物体VE 和VC 的作用范围、相互作用、对环境的影响以及机体对VE、VC 摄取、排出的能力差异，以便更好地理解、应用和调控VC和VE 的协同抗氧化作用，更有效地为可持续发展渔业服务，生产更多卫生、安全的渔业产品。
 

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